Effect of body mass index on short-term effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy in treatment of varus knee arthritis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the short-term effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in the treatment of varus knee arthritis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 84 patients (84 knees) with varus knee arthritis treated with HTO between May 2016 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to BMI, the patients were divided into normal group (32 patients in group A, BMI<25 kg/m 2), overweight group (27 patients in group B, BMI>30 kg/m 2), and obese group (25 patients in group C, BMI>30 kg/m 2). The BMI of groups A, B, and C were (23.35±0.89), (26.65±1.03), and (32.05±1.47) kg/m 2, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in gender, age, surgical side, disease duration, and preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, knee range of motion, and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) between groups. The operation time, intraoperative dominant blood loss, and the decrease of hemoglobin on the 3rd day after operation were recorded and compared between groups. The improvement of knee joint function and pain status were evaluated by knee joint HSS score, knee range of motion, and VAS score before and after operation, and measuring the HKA of patients on X-ray film. During the follow-up, the X-ray films of the knee joint were reexamined to observe the position of the internal fixator and the healing of osteotomy.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed the operation successfully and were followed up 8-40 months (mean, 19.3 months). There was no significant difference in follow-up time, operation time, intraoperative dominant blood loss, and the decrease of hemoglobin on the 3rd day after operation between groups ( P>0.05). No operative complications such as severe vascular or nerve injury occurred. After operation, deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities occurred in 1 case in groups A and B respectively, and fat liquefaction of surgical incision occurred in 2 cases in group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications between groups (3.1% vs. 3.7% vs. 8.0%) ( P=0.689). During the follow-up, there was no bone nonunion, plate fracture or loosening. At last follow-up, HSS score, VAS score, knee range of motion, and HKA significantly improved in the 3 groups when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the differences of the above indexes between groups before and after operation ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#BMI does not affect the short-term effectiveness of HTO in the treatment of varus knee arthritis. HTO can be selected for overweight and obese patients after standard medical treatment is ineffective.

Effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on cellular inflammatory response induced by calcium oxalate crystals / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of atorvastatin (ATV) on the inflammatory response of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) induced by calcium oxalate crystals.@*Methods@#HK-2 cells were divided into control group (normal medium), ATV group (after 3 h pretreatment with 40 μmol/L ATV, replaced with normal medium), calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group (4 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystal) and ATV treatment group (after 3 h pretreatment with 40 μmol/L ATV, replaced with 4 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystals). After 12 h, the cells were collected, and the expression levels of NLRP3 and Cleaved caspase-1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The expression level of NF-κB was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The cell culture supernatant was collected to detecte the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*Results@#Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of NLRP3 (0.125±0.013 vs. 0.135±0.007) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.090±0.014 vs. 0.095±0.006) was decreased in the ATV group compared with the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The relative expression of NLRP3 (0.315±0.021 vs. 0.135±0.007, P<0.001) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.235±0.008 vs. 0.095±0.006, P<0.001) was significantly increased in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group compared with the control group. While the relative expression of NLRP3 (0.245±0.007 vs. 0.315±0.021, P<0.05) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.170±0.017 vs. 0.235±0.008, P<0.05) in the ATV treatment group was significantly lower than that in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression trends of NLRP3 and Cleaved caspase-1 in each group were consistent with those obtained by Western blotting. The ELISA results showed that the concentration of inflammatory factors IL-1β [(162.00±21.21)pg/ml vs. (183.50±7.78) pg/ml, P>0.05] and IL-18 [(176.50±24.12)pg/ml vs.(182.50±20.51)pg/ml, P>0.05] in the ATV group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The concentrations of IL-1β[(850.50±48.79)pg/ml vs. (183.50±7.78)pg/ml, P<0.001] and IL-18 [(526.00±39.61)pg/ml vs. (182.50±20.51)pg/ml, P<0.001] were significantly increased in the cell culture medium of the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group compared with the control group, while the concentrations of IL-1β [(452.50±36.06)pg/ml vs. (850.50±48.79) pg/ml, P<0.01] and IL-18 [(403.50±23.33)pg/ml vs. (526.00±39.61)pg/ml, P<0.05] was significantly reduced in the cell culture medium of the ATV treatment group compared with the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of NF-κB (0.105±0.021 vs. 0.100±0.014) in the ATV group was decreased compared with the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The relative expression of NF-κB (0.295±0.035 vs. 0.100±0.014, P<0.001) in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group was significantly increased compared with the control group. While the relative expression of NF-κB (0.160±0.012 vs. 0.295±0.035, P<0.05) in the ATV treatment group was significantly lower than that in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group. The expression of NF-κB by immunofluorescence staining was consistent with the results of Western blotting.@*Conclusions@#Calcium oxalate crystals can induce the inflammatory response of HK-2 cells, while ATV can exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and decreasing the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18 and the expression of NF-κB.

Effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on cellular inflammatory response induced by calcium oxalate crystals / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of atorvastatin (ATV) on the inflammatory response of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) induced by calcium oxalate crystals.Methods HK-2 cells were divided into control group (normal medium),ATV group (after 3 h pretreatment with 40 μmol/L ATV,replaced with normal medium),calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group (4 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystal) and ATV treatment group (after 3 h pretreatment with 40 μmol/L ATV,replaced with 4 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystals).After 12 h,the cells were collected,and the expression levels of NLRP3 and Cleaved caspase-1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.The expression level of NF-κB was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The cell culture supernatant was collected to detecte the concentrations of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and intedeukin-18 (IL-18) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of NLRP3 (0.125 ±0.013 vs.0.135 ±0.007) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.090 ±0.014 vs.0.095±0.006) was decreased in the ATV group compared with the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 (0.315 ±0.021 vs.0.135 ± 0.007,P ＜ 0.001) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.235 ± 0.008 vs.0.095 ± 0.006,P ＜0.001) was significantly increased in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group compared with the control group.While the relative expression of NLRP3 (0.245 ±0.007 vs.0.315 ±0.021,P ＜0.05) and Cleaved caspase-1 (0.170 ±0.017 vs.0.235 ±0.008,P ＜0.05) in the ATV treatment group was significantly lower than that in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression trends of NLRP3 and Cleaved caspase-1 in each group were consistent with those obtained by Western blotting.The ELISA results showed that the concentration of inflammatory factors IL-1 β [(162.00±21.21)pg/ml vs.(183.50±7.78) pg/ml,P＞0.05] and IL-18 [(176.50±24.12)pg/ml vs.(182.50 ± 20.51) pg/ml,P ＞ 0.05] in the ATV group was lower than that in the control group,but the difference were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The concentrations of IL-1β [(850.50 ± 48.79)pg/ml vs.(183.50 ± 7.78) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.001] and IL-18 [(526.00 ± 39.61) pg/ml vs.(182.50 ±20.51)pg/ml,P ＜0.001] were significantly increased in the cell culture medium of the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group compared with the control group,while the concentrations of IL-1 β [(452.50 ±36.06)pg/ml vs.(850.50±48.79) pg/ml,P＜0.01] and IL-18 [(403.50 ±23.33)pg/ml vs.(526.00 ±39.61)pg/ml,P ＜0.05] was significantly reduced in the cell culture medium of the ATV treatment group compared with the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group.Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of NF-κB (0.105 ±0.021 vs.0.100 ±0.014) in the ATV group was decreased compared with the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The relative expression of NF-κB (0.295 ±0.035 vs.0.100 ±0.014,P ＜0.001) in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group was significantly increased compared with the control group.While the relative expression of NF-κB (0.160 ± 0.012 vs.0.295 ± 0.035,P ＜ 0.05) in the ATV treatment group was significantly lower than that in the calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group.The expression of NF-κB by immunofluorescence staining was consistent with the results of Western blotting.Conclusions Calcium oxalate crystals can induce the inflammatory response of HK-2 cells,while ATV can exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and decreasing the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18 and the expression of NF-κB.

Pathological features of airway inflammation in eosinophilic bronchitis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To explore the pathological features of airway inflammation in patients with eosinophilic bronchitis(EB) and compared to those with cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS: Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy was performed in 11 patients with EB,10 with CVA,14 with bronchial asthma and 10 normal controls.The mean thickness of the basement membrane was measured by light microscopy.Using immunohistochemical and special staining,the localization and density of inflammatory cells(eosinophils,mast cells,T lymphocytes) were detected in bronchial submucosa in EB and CVA patients.RESULTS: The mean thickness of the basement membrane was significantly increased in the subjects with EB [2.92 ?m(2.10-6.50 ?m)],CVA [5.64 ?m(3.23-8.48 ?m)] and bronchial asthma [9.08 ?m(6.61-11.99 ?m)] rather than that in the normal controls [2.08 ?m(1.62-3.40 ?m)].There were also significant differences among the three groups.The number of mast cells and eosinophils in the bronchial submucosal from subjects with EB [75 cells/mm~2(35-112 cells/mm~2),7 cells/mm~2(0-31(cells/mm~2))] was substantially decreased than those in subjects with CVA [148 cells/mm~2(34-200 cells/mm~2),114 cells/mm~2((1-768 cells/mm~2));P

THE OBSERVATION ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOGENESIS OF ROTA-VIRUS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / 解放军医学杂志

On the basis of electron microscopic examinations of 52 specimens of faeces collected from patients with acute nonbacterial diarrhea, three standard strains of rotavirus were adapted to LLC-MK2 cell line. The results showed that morphology and structure of rotavirus particles were similar. The cytoplasmic inclusion body could be seen in the infected cells. The viral particles could be found in the nuclear membrane space, cisterns of the rough endoplasm reticulum and the inclusion body